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Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) plays a significant role in regulating immune responses. LILRB4 in microglia might influence the infiltration of peripheral T cells. However, whether and how ...
Neuropathic pain (NP), which results from injury or lesion of the somatosensory nervous system, is intimately associated with glial cells. The roles of microglia and astrocytes in NP have been broadly describe...
The pathological role of interferon signaling is emerging in neuroinflammatory disorders, yet, the specific role of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 (IRF3) in neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. Here, w...
Trauma can result in systemic inflammation that leads to organ dysfunction, but the impact on the brain, particularly following extracranial insults, has been largely overlooked.
Ischemic retinopathies including diabetic retinopathy are major causes of vision loss. Inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown with retinal vascular hyperpermeability results in macular edema. Although dys...
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating many physiological and pathological immune-mediated processes. Specifically, it has been recognized as an essential pro-inflammatory cytokine im...
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a sleep-disordered breathing characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) that may cause cognitive dysfunction. However, the impact of IH on molecular processes involved in cogn...
Despite advances in antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment, inflammation and its consequences remain a major challenge in the field of medicine. Inflammatory reactions can lead to life-threatening condi...
Since its detection in the brain, the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) has been considered a promising therapeutic target for various neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, precise brain mapping of ...
The Appalachia region of North America is known to have significant health disparities, specifically, worse risk factors and outcomes for stroke. Appalachians are more likely to have comorbidities related to s...
Microglia serve as a front-line defense against neuroinvasive viral infection, however, determination of their actual transcriptional profiles under conditions of health and disease is challenging. Here, we us...
Growing evidence has implicated systemic infection as a significant risk factor for the development and advancement of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the resultant pa...
Gender is a significant risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), often attributed to the decline of estrogen. The plant estrogen secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has demonstrated anti-inflamm...
We recently reported that the dopamine (DA) analogue CA140 modulates neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-injected wild-type (WT) mice and in 3-month-old 5xFAD mice, a model of Alzheimer’s disease...
Infection during the perinatal period can adversely affect brain development, predispose infants to ischemic stroke and have lifelong consequences. We previously demonstrated that diet enriched in n-3 polyunsa...
Astrocytes respond and contribute to neuroinflammation by adopting inflammatory reactive states. Although recent efforts have characterized the gene expression signatures associated with these reactive states,...
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic antibodies that target structures of the neuromuscular junction. The evidence suggests that the regulation of long noncoding RNAs (ln...
Multinucleated microglia have been observed in contexts associated with infection, inflammation, and aging. Though commonly linked to pathological conditions, the larger cell size of multinucleated microglia m...
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), a disease afflicting numerous individuals worldwide, is a primary cause of cognitive deficits, the pathogenesis of which remains poorly understood. Bruton’s tyrosine kinas...
Chronic neuroinflammation and microglial activation are key mediators of the secondary injury cascades and cognitive impairment that follow exposure to repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (r-mTBI). Peroxiso...
Lactate-derived histone lactylation is involved in multiple pathological processes through transcriptional regulation. The role of lactate-derived histone lactylation in the repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) ...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is an important regulator in T2D, but the role of ANGPTL8 in diabetes-associa...
Obesity represents a significant global health challenge characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The hypothalamus, a key regulator of energy homeostasis, is particularly su...
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited retinal disease, affects 1,5 million people worldwide. The initial mutation-driven photoreceptor degeneration leads to chronic inflammation, characterized by Müller cell...
Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii leads to the formation of lifelong cysts in neurons that can have devastating consequences in the immunocompromised. In the immunocompetent individual, anti...
The liver, the largest organ in the human body, plays a multifaceted role in digestion, coagulation, synthesis, metabolism, detoxification, and immune defense. Changes in liver function often coincide with dis...
Recent trials of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies, including lecanemab and donanemab, in early Alzheimer disease (AD) showed that these drugs have limited clinical benefits and their use comes with a ...
Under subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) conditions, astrocytes undergo a marked intensification of glycolytic activity, resulting in the generation of substantial amounts of lactate to maintain the energy demand f...
Brain inflammation contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, and it is manifested by glial cell activation, increased production of cytokines/chemokines, and a shift in lipid med...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability that places a great physical, social, and financial burden on individuals and the health system. In this review, we summarize new re...
Therapeutics for traumatic brains injuries constitute a global unmet medical need. Despite the advances in neurocritical care, which have dramatically improved the survival rate for the ~ 70 million patients a...
Neuroinflammation contributes to impaired cognitive function in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, which is characterized by the aggregation of pathological tau. One major dr...
Treating Multiple sclerosis (MS), a well-known immune-mediated disease characterized by axonal demyelination, is challenging due to its complex causes. Naphthalenedione, present in numerous plants, is being ex...
This study investigated the role of O-GlcNAc cycling in Alzheimer’s disease-related changes in brain pathophysiology induced by chronic REM sleep deprivation (CSD) in mice. CSD increased amyloid beta (Aβ) and p-T...
Craniotomy is a common neurosurgery used to treat intracranial pathologies. Nearly 5% of the 14 million craniotomies performed worldwide each year become infected, most often with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus
Reactive astrocytes participate in various pathophysiology after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), including neuroinflammation, glymphatic–lymphatic system dysfunction, brain edema, BBB disruption, and cell death...
Diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI) poses a significant challenge to the self-management of diabetes, markedly elevating the risk of adverse complications. A burgeoning body of evidence implicates ...
Accumulating evidence implicates that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been linked to the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). HSV-1 infection induces β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition in vi...
Key functions of Ca2+ signaling in rodent microglia include monitoring the brain state as well as the surrounding neuronal activity and sensing the danger or damage in their vicinity. Microglial Ca2+ dyshomeostas...
Specific microglia responses are thought to contribute to the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the phenotypic acquisition of microglial ce...
Dietary patterns that include an excess of foods rich in saturated fat are associated with brain dysfunction. Although microgliosis has been proposed to play a key role in the development of brain dysfunction ...
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the most debilitating consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is one of the most drug-resistant forms of epilepsy. Novel therapeutic treatment options are an ur...
White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineag...
Ischemia-induced retinopathy is a hallmark finding of common visual disorders including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and central retinal artery and vein occlusions. Treatments for ischemic retinopathies fail to i...
Understanding the mechanism behind sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains a formidable task. This study endeavors to shed light on the complex cellular and molecular alterations that occur in the brain...
The eye is a highly specialized sensory organ which encompasses the retina as a part of the central nervous system, but also non-neural compartments such as the transparent vitreous body ensuring stability of ...
Deposition of amyloid β, which is produced by amyloidogenic cleavage of APP by β- and γ-secretase, is one of the primary hallmarks of AD pathology. APP can also be processed by α- and γ-secretase sequentially,...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are mutual risk factors, with both conditions inducing cognitive impairment and anxiety. However, whether OSA exacerbates cognitive impairment ...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and accumulating evidence supports a role for adaptive immune B and T cells in both TBI and AD pathogenesis. We previousl...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation