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Patients with liver cirrhosis may show minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with motor incoordination which is reproduced in hyperammonemic rats. Hyperammonemia induces peripheral inflammation which triggers n...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoantibody-triggered central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disease that primarily affects the spinal cord, optic nerves and brainstem. Among the firs...
Impaired function of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) is an early event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). It has been previously shown that topical delivery of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sita...
Neuronal death is the primary cause of poor outcomes in cerebral ischemia. The inflammatory infiltration in the early phase of ischemic stroke plays a vital role in triggering neuronal death. Either transplant...
T cells have been implicated in various neurological conditions, yet their role in neonatal brain injuries remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of perinatal factors on frequencies of T c...
Recent years have seen significant advances in diagnostic testing of central nervous system (CNS) function and disease. However, there remain challenges in developing a comprehensive suite of non- or minimally...
Brain takes up approximately 20% of the total body oxygen and glucose consumption due to its relatively high energy demand. Glucose is one of the major sources to generate ATP, the process of which can be real...
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by abnormalities in brain development and neurobehaviors, including autism. The maternal–fetal interface (MFI) is a highly specialized tissue through which...
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a complex pathogenesis thought to include both genetic and extrinsic factors. Among the latter, inflammation of the developing brain has recently gained growing attention. ...
Obesity has become a global pandemic, marked by significant shifts in both the homeostatic and hedonic/reward aspects of food consumption. While the precise causes are still under investigation, recent studies...
The inflammatory processes that drive pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS) are complex and involve significant contributions from the immune system, particularly myeloid cells. Understanding the sha...
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that exerts a wide range of neurological and immunological effects throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with the etiology of affecti...
The incidence of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is significantly higher than that of other neuroendocrine disorders, but the mechanism is still elusive. We used mass spectr...
Interleukin-37 (IL-37) has anti-inflammatory properties in innate and adaptive immunity. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (C...
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, emerge in the brain during early embryonic development and persist throughout life. They play essential roles in brain homeostasis, and their...
Recent advances in neuroscience have transformed our understanding of the meninges, the layers surrounding the central nervous system (CNS). Two key findings have advanced our understanding: researchers identi...
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections represent one leading cause of human neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite their high prevalence and severity, no satisfactory therapy is available and pathophysiolo...
Despite great advances in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) therapy over the last decades, one third of treated patients continue to lose vision. While resident vitreous macrophages called hyalocytes ha...
The aging of the central nervous system(CNS) is a primary contributor to neurodegenerative diseases in older individuals and significantly impacts their quality of life. Neuroinflammation, characterized by act...
Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction, characterized by hippocampal synaptic loss as an early pathological feature, seriously threatens patients’ quality of life. Synapses are dynamic structures, and hormo...
Research on traumatic brain injury (TBI) highlights the significance of counteracting its metabolic impact via exogenous fuels to support metabolism and diminish cellular damage. While ethyl pyruvate (EP) trea...
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a frequent neurological complication encountered during the perioperative period with unclear mechanisms and no effective treatments. Recent research into the path...
Circulating miR-30c-2-3p has been closely related to vascular diseases, however, its role and underlying mechanisms in ischemic stroke remained unclear. Our study addressed this gap by observing elevated level...
Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are key components in the pathogenesis of Japanese Encephalitis caused by Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV) infection. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate rec...
Chronic ethanol exposure (CEE) is recognized as an important risk factor for depression, and the gut-brain axis has emerged as a key mechanism underlying chronic ethanol exposure-induced anxiety and depression...
Retinal neovascularization (RNV) disease is one of the leading causes of blindness, yet the molecular underpinnings of this condition are not well understood. To delve into the critical aspects of cell-mediate...
Neural stem cells have intact innate immune responses that protect them from virus infection and cell death. Yet, viruses can antagonize such responses to establish neuropathogenesis. Using a forebrain organoi...
Immune cell metabolism governs the outcome of immune responses and contributes to the development of autoimmunity by controlling lymphocyte pathogenic potential. In this study, we evaluated the metabolic profi...
Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by an excessive immune response, and primary CNS tumors (pCNS-tumors) showing a highly immunosuppres...
Acute intoxication with cholinesterase inhibiting organophosphates (OP) can produce life-threatening cholinergic crisis and status epilepticus (SE). Survivors often develop long-term neurological consequences,...
Dysregulation of the complement system is involved in development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The complement cascade is regulated by membrane bound complement regulatory proteins (Cregs) on mono...
The role of senescence in disease contexts is complex, however there is considerable evidence that depletion of senescent cells improves outcomes in a variety of contexts particularly related to aging, cogniti...
The Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway, along with the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, are critical contribut...
Secondary autoimmune disease (SAID) in the context of alemtuzumab treatment is one of the main safety concerns that may arise following administration in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Contributing fac...
Genome-wide association studies have identified a protective mutation in the phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) gene which confers protection against Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-associated cognitive decline. Therefore,...
Microglia, a type of resident immune cells within the central nervous system, have been implicated in ethanol-activated neuronal death of the stress regulatory proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron-producing β-end...
Retinal neovascularisation is a major cause of blindness in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). It is mediated by the complex interaction between dysfunctional ganglion cells, microglia, an...
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a neurotropic and neuroinvasive flavivirus causing viral encephalitis, which seriously threatens the development of animal husbandry and human health. DNA methylation is a ...
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signaling enzyme that regulates B-lymphocyte and myeloid cell functions. Due to its involvement in both innate and adaptive immune compartments, BTK inhibitor...
Autophagy dysfunction in glial cells is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The previous study reported that α-synuclein (α-Syn) disrupted autophagy in cultured microglia. However, the ...
Brain microglia and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages are vital in preserving blood vessel integrity after stroke. Understanding mechanisms that induce immune cells to adopt vascular-protective phenoty...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive dysfunction in older adults. One of the AD pathological factors, β-Amyloid (Aβ), triggers inflammatory responses and phagocytosis o...
Accumulation of immune cells and proteins in the subarachnoid space (SAS) is found during multiple sclerosis and in the animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Whether the flow of cerebro...
Hypertension is associated with poor outcome and higher mortality in patients with ischemic stroke. The impairment of adaptive vascular mechanisms under hypertensive condition compromises collateral blood flow...
Delirium affects 50–85% of patients on mechanical ventilation and is associated with increased mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and a three-fold higher risk of dementia. Microglia, the resident immune cel...
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe cerebrovascular disorder primarily caused by the rupture of aneurysm, which results in a high mortality rate and consequently imposes a significant burden on society. ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) with the immune system attacking myelin sheaths leading to neuronal death. While several disease-modifying therapies ...
Patients aged 65 years and older account for an increasing proportion of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Older TBI patients experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to their younger co...
It is now realized that peripheral inflammation and abnormal immune responses, especially T cells, contribute to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Gasdermin D (GSDMD) -mediated pyroptosis has been a...
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical interface that maintains the central nervous system homeostasis by controlling the exchange of substances between the blood and the brain. Disruption of the BBB play...
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Journal of Neuroinflammation