Fig. 2

Overview of the experimental design. A Inhibitory effects of rebamipide on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced upregulation of IL-1ß (B and F) and IL-18 (C), and microglia activation (D, E, and F) in the mouse substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) 3 d after MPTP injection. Dopaminergic neurons were visualized 7 d after the last MPTP treatment using tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-specific immunostaining. TH-immunopositive neurons in the SNpc were counted (G), and the relative TH fluorescence intensity in the striatum (ST) was measured (H). Dopamine levels in the ST were measured using HPLC (I). Representative photomicrographs of the SNpc and ST (J). Data are presented as the mean ± standard error of mean (SEM). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with the control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001, compared with the MPTP-treated group