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Fig. 9 | Journal of Neuroinflammation

Fig. 9

From: Inverted day-night feeding during pregnancy affects the brain health of both maternal and fetal brains through increasing inflammation levels associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome in rats

Fig. 9

Active-phase fasting increased inflammation levels in the fetal brains, associated with the maternal microbiota. a Fetal brain LPS levels. b, c Fetal brain antioxidant levels (including T-AOC and GSH). d, e Relative mRNA levels of inflammatory factors in the fetal brain, from left to right: TLR 4, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, NLRP3, iNOS. f Correlation heatmap of fetal brain antioxidant capacity and inflammation levels with maternal gut microbiota, with the left side showing female fetal brain data and the right side showing male fetal brain data. Yellow indicated a positive correlation, and purple indicated a negative correlation. For panels a–e, the ND group (n = 7) and IF group (n = 6) were shown. Results were presented as mean ± SEM. "ns" indicated p > 0.05 (no statistical difference), and asterisks (*) indicated statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001

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Journal of Neuroinflammation

ISSN: 1742-2094