Table 3 Modulation of gut microbiota and metabolites in murine models of brain cancer

Glioma

Orthotropic xenograft model

↑Bacteroidota

↓Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobiota, Actinobacteria, Actinobacteriota

↑Polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis, Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism

↓ABC Transporters

[192]

Glioma

C57BL/6 mice (GL261 cells)

↑ Oscillibacter, Anaerotruncus, Pseudoflavonifractor, Ruminococcus2, Intestinimonas, Odoribacter, Shannon index

↓ Coprobacter, Anaerofustis, Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Simpson index

-

[193]

Glioma

C57BL/6 N mice (GL261 cells)

↑Verrucomicrobia, Bacteriodetes, genus Akkermansia

↓Firmicutes

↑Serotonin 3-methyl valerate, caproate, acetylcholine

↓Dihydroxy phenylacetic acid, adenosine, histamine, butyrate, propionate, acetate, norepinephrine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, GABA, tryptophan, valerate, aspartic acid

[236]

Glioma

C57BL/6 mice (GLI261-Luc cells)

↑Firmicutes

↓Bacteroidia, Actinobacteria

-

[194]

Late-stage Glioma

C57BL/6 mice (GL621 cells)

-

↑Lithocholic acid

↓Reg3g, Il22, Butyrate, Isobutyrate, Propionate, Valerate, Acetate

[196]

Glioma

C57BL/6 mice (GL261 cells)

↑phylum Verrucomicrobia, family Akkermansiaceae, genus Akkermansia

↓Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio, phylum Firmicutes

-

[184]