Fig. 1

ACT001 alleviates autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammations. (A-C) Severity of EAE in the C57BL/6 mice subjected to different time-point treatments with ACT001 (n = 6 per group). (A) Schematic representation of EAE induction and ACT001 treatments. Following EAE induction, the mice were randomly allocated into four groups: the Control group (no treatment), the I-E group (treatment during both induction and effector phases), the Induction group (treatment during the induction phase only), and the Effector group (treatment during the effector phase only). (B) Mean daily disease score of the mice. (C) Cumulative clinical score of the mice. (D-G) Infiltrations of inflammatory cells in the SCs (n = 6 per group). (D) Representative H&E staining images. (E) Quantitative analysis of areas of infiltrations of inflammatory cells in transverse sections of the SCs. (F) Representative flow cytometry analysis of SCs-infiltrating CD45⁺ cells and CD4⁺ T cells. (G) Statistical analysis of the frequencies and absolute numbers of CD45⁺ cells and CD4⁺ T cells in (F). (H) Normalized mRNA expressions of EAE-related cytokines in SCs-infiltrating CD45⁺ cells. Statistics were calculated using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM with ns indicating not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001