Fig. 2

NMO-IgG induces retinal vascular leakage and alterations in retinal layer thickness. a Visualization of the superficial, intermediate, and deep vascular plexuses using Evans Blue in retinal flat mounts. White arrows indicate areas of vascular leakage (Scale bar = 50 µm). b Left: Representative retinal OCT images of retinal layers treated with HC-IgG (up) or NMO-IgG (down); Right: Schematic diagram illustrating the measurement of retinal layers. c–h Quantification of retinal layer thicknesses measured by OCT at different time points, including the RNFL, inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL). Dotted lines connect paired results from the same mouse (n = 4 per group). i Stacked column plots representing the thicknesses of various retinal layers. j H&E staining of the retina 7 days post-intravitreal injection (Scale bar: 10 µm). k Quantification of IPL, INL, OPL, and ONL thicknesses in H&E-stained retinal sections (n = 3 per group). l Representative color fundus photographs showing the HC-IgG-treated eye (left OS) and the contralateral NMO-IgG-treated eye (right OD). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, t-test. Retinal thickness measurements were performed at intervals of 200 µm from the optic nerve