Fig. 3

Probiotics treatment alleviated BNB impairment in PDN rats. (A) Representative captures of the in vivo permeability of the BNB to sodium fluorescein (NaFlu) in the sciatic nerve. The fluorescence intensity was measured and standardized based on the region of interest (indicated by the dashed line). Scale bars = 200 μm (n = 3). (B) The intensity analysis of NaFlu. (C) Representative captures of the in vivo permeability of the BNB to Evans Blue albumin (EBA) in the sciatic nerve. The fluorescence intensity was measured and standardized based on the region of interest (indicated by the dashed line). Scale bars = 200 μm (n = 3). (D) The intensity analysis of EBA. (E) Representative Western blot brands of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in the sciatic nerve (n = 6). (F-H) Quantification of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in the sciatic nerve. β-actin was used as the loading control in Western blot analysis. (I) Representative captures of immunofluorescence of ZO-1 in the sciatic nerve. The fluorescence intensity was measured and standardized based on the region of interest. Scale bars = 50 μm and 10 μm (n = 3). (J) The intensity analysis of ZO-1 immunofluorescence staining. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 versus the control group; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 versus the PDN group, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test for (B), (D), (F-H) and (J)