Fig. 1
From: Probiotics alleviate painful diabetic neuropathy by modulating the microbiota–gut–nerve axis in rats
Gut microbiota dysbiosis in the PDN rats. (A) Flowchart of the Experiments I. (B, C) Alpha-diversity measured by Chao1 and Shannon index. (D) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at the ASV level. (E) Relative abundance of gut microbiota at the phylum level. (F) The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. (G) Bar graph of the different abundant taxa based on the cutoff value of LDA score (log10) > 3.5 and P < 0.05. (H-K) Relative abundance of representative bacterial genera: Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, and Blautia. (L) Pathway enrichment analysis of significantly altered KEGG pathways. (M) Spearman’s correlation heatmap of gut microbial genus relative abundance with metabolic and pain-related phenotypes. PWT, paw withdrawal threshold; PWL: Paw withdrawal latency; SNCV: Sensory nerve conduction velocity; BW: Body weight; BG: Blood glucose. n = 10 for each group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test for (B), Student’s t-test for (C), (F), (H-K), PERMANOVA for (D)