Fig. 3

Taprenepag restored the placental tryptophan metabolism and the abundance of placental immune cells in pregnant mice exposed to VPA. (A) Experimental flow chart. (B) Placental Trp abundance (µg/mg protein) measured by HPLC at E14.5. (n = 5 dams, respectively). (C) The placental Kyn abundance (ng/mg protein) measured by the Ehrlich reagents. (n = 5 dams, respectively). (D) and (E) The level of 5-HT in the placenta or fetal brain measured by ELISA. (n = 5 dams, respectively). (F) Immunofluorescence staining of 5-HT in the placenta. (G) Representative figures for flow cytometric clustering of decidua immune cells (T, dM and dNK cells) in placentas. CD68: dM cells. CD49a: dNK cells. CD3: T cells. (H) The mean fluorescence intensity of placental 5-HT immunofluorescence staining. (n = 5 dams, respectively). (I) Flow cytometric clustering of decidua immune cells (T, dM and dNK cells) in the placenta. (n = 6 dams, respectively). (J) Representative figures for decidual macrophage typing analysis by flow cytometric in placenta. CD206: dM2 cells. CD86: dM1 cells. (K) Decidual macrophage typing analysis by flow cytometry in placentas. (n = 5 dams, respectively). Statistics were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test for (B), (C), (D), (E) and (H) and two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test for (I) and (K). Statistical significance is denoted by *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. The graphs show the mean ± SEM