Fig. 2

Taprenepag upregulated placental IDO-1 expression through COX-2/PGE₂/PTGER-2 in pregnant mice exposed to VPA. (A) Experimental flow chart. (B), (C) and (D) The expression levels and semiquantification results of the Western blot results of IDO-1 and TPH-1 in the placenta at E14.5. (n = 7 dams, respectively). (E) (F) and (G) The expression levels and semiquantification results of IDO-1 and Arg-1 (a marker for dM2 cells) after drugs intervention. (n = 7 dams, respectively). (H) (I) and (J) The expression levels and semiquantification results of Tjs (claudin-5 and claudin-4) in the placenta. (n = 6 dams in group But of claudin-5. (n = 7 dams in other group, respectively). (K) The expression levels of COX-2 (66 and 70 kDa: the inactive and hypoglycosylated COX-2 precursor; 72 and 74 kDa: active and hyperglycosylated mature COX-2) in the placenta. (L) The expression levels of PTGER-2 in the placenta. (M) Semiquantification results of the Western blot results of PTGER-2. (n = 6 dams, respectively). (N) and (O) Semiquantification results of glycosylated mature Gly-COX-2 and ungly-COX-2 precursor in placenta. (n = 5 dams, respectively). (P) The level of PGE₂ in the placenta was measured by ELISA (pg/mg protein). (n = 5 dams, respectively). Statistics were calculated by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test for (C), (D), (F), (F), (G), (I), (J), (M), (N), (O) and (P). The statistical significance is denoted by ns, not significant; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. The graphs show the mean ± SEM