Fig. 8

Infusion of PRL improved cognitive impairment and hippocampal synaptic loss in HFD-diabetic mice. (A-D) Novel object recognition index (A), escape latencies (B), % total time in the target quadrant (C), number of platform entries in probe trial (D) of four groups were analyzed. (E) Representative confocal images of NeuN (red) and Vglut1 (green) in hippocampus. Scale bar, 80 μm. (F-G) Relative NeuN density and Vglut1 intensity. (H-I) Hippocampal synaptic density in four groups. Scale bar, 15 μm. (J) Three-dimensional surface rendering of immunostained Vglut1 (red) and Iba-1 (green) in hippocampus of CD mice and HFD-diabetic mice treated with PBS or PRL. Scale bar, 10 μm. (K) Engulfment of Vglut1⁺ synapses by microglia in four groups. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. n = 10 mice/group (A-D, N-Q) and n = 5 mice/group (E-K). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001; ns, not significant; two-way ANOVA (B) and one-way ANOVA (A, C-K)