Fig. 4

Central IL-2 administration stimulated the SNS through the activation of hypothalamic microglia and POMC neurons. A. Time-dependent concentration of norepinephrine levels in gWAT at 0 and 30 min after central IL-2 administration (n = 4 for 0 min and n = 5 for 30 min) B. cAMP levels in gWAT 30 min after central IL-2 administration (n=4 for 0 min and n=5 for 30 min). C. Serum corticosterone level 30 min after central IL-2 administration (n=4 for the vehicle and n=5 for the IL-2 groups). D. Double immunostaining images and quantification of POMC and cFos at 0, 15, and 30 min after central administration of IL-2 in the ARH (n=3 for 0, and n=4 for 15 and 30 min). Scale bars: 100 µm. E. Representative immunostaining images and quantifications of IL-2Rα, IL-2Rβ, and IL-2Rγ expressions in the hypothalamic microglia (n=4). Scale bars: 100 µm. F. Double immunostaining images and quantification of Iba1 and POMC after central administration of vehicle or IL-2 (n=4 for the vehicle and n=5 for the IL-2 groups). Scale bars: 100 µm. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were performed using one-sided one-way ANOVA (D) and two-sided Student’s t-test (A, B, C, F). *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 between the indicated groups. NS, not significant