Fig. 4

Crosstalk between TANs and glioma microenvironment niches and components (A) Hypoxia stimulates glioma cells to produce IL-8, CXCL1 and Acrolein, promoting neutrophil recruitment and N2-type transformation. (B) TANs and TAMs interaction upregulate STAT3 signaling in tumor cells resulting in protumor effect; CCL3⁺ TANs and SPP1⁺ TAMs interaction promotes post-therapy tumor progression; TANs promote TAMs IL-12 secretion activating IFN-γ signaling in αβ T-cell, leading to antitumor effect. (C) TANs led to immunosuppression via T-cell dysfunction, ICB and ferroptosis; DC-like TANs and HLA-DR⁺ TANs exert an antitumor effect