Fig. 4

Development of liver injury in Wilson’s disease (WD) mice over time. (A) Hepatic Cu²⁺ content in R778L and tx-j mice was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (n = 6 per group). (B) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (U/mL) measured in the serum samples of R778L and tx-j mice at 1, 3, and 5 months of age (n = 6–8 per group). (C) Representative images of hematoxylin and eosin stained liver sections from R778L and tx-j mice. (D) Hepatocyte ballooning scores in the livers of R778L and tx-j mice (n = 6 per group). (E) Inflammation scores in the liver of R778L and tx-j mice (n = 6 per group). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM and were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 versus the corresponding wild-type (WT) mice