Fig. 3

Early activation of microglia in R778L mice. (A) Brain slices obtained from the striatal regions of wild-type (WT) and Wilson’s disease (WD) mice were stained with anti-ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) antibodies to visualize microglia. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Quantification of Iba1-positive cells and cell density per unit area in the striata of R778L and tx-j mice (n = 6 per group). (C) 3D reconstruction of microglia from wild-type (WT) and Wilson disease (WD) mice using the Imaris v.9.9.0 software (n = 6 per group). Scale bar = 5 μm. (D) Quantification of microglial processes in the striatum of R778L and tx-j mice by Sholl analysis (n = 6 per group). (E) Quantification of the total process length, process branch points per cell, and soma size of Iba1-positive microglia in the striatum of R778L and tx-j mice (n = 6 per group). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM and were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 versus the corresponding wild-type (WT) mice