Fig. 4
From: Neurons upregulate PD-L1 via IFN/STAT1/IRF1 to alleviate damage by CD8+ T cells in cerebral malaria
IFNβ or IFNγ induces PD-L1 expression in neurons through the STAT1/IRF1 pathway. A Violin plots of Cd274, Stat1, and Irf1 expression in neurons stimulated with IFNβ through RNA-seq analysis (n = 3 per group) (Padj < 0.05). B q-PCR detection of Stat1 and Irf1 expression in neurons with IFNβ (100 U/mL, the same below) or IFNγ (20 ng/mL, the same below) stimulation. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; unpaired t-test, n = 3 per group, ****P < 0.0001. C WB analysis of p-STAT1, IRF1, and PD-L1 levels in neurons with IFNβ or IFNγ stimulation. D Flow cytometry of PD-L1 levels on neurons treated with fludarabine (20 µM), IFNβ, or IFNγ. E Violin plots of Stat1 and Irf1 expression in neurons in the brainstem of control mice (n = 2) and ECM mice (n = 3) through scRNA-seq analysis (Padj < 0.05). F WB analysis of p-STAT1, IRF1, and PD-L1 levels in the brainstem of mice with PbA infection on days 3, 5, 7, and 9. G IHC staining of p-STAT1 in the brainstem of control and ECM mice (red arrow: neuron). H IHC staining of IRF1 in the brainstem of control and ECM mice (red arrow: neuron). G, H Data are expressed as mean ± SD; unpaired t-test; n = 8 fields per group