Fig. 5

OXA reduces inflammatory cytokine levels and microglial activation in CLP-induced SAE. A, B Expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in cortical and hippocampal tissue. n = 6 per group. C Cortex and hippocampus with representative Iba-1 and DAPI immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 100 μm. The upper right corner shows representative magnified Iba-1-positive cells. Scale bar = 20 μm. D, E Whole brain Iba-1 positive cell counts and statistical analysis of the cytosolic area of positive cells were performed. n = 4 per group, with 4 sections per animal. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001