Fig. 1

Impact of HFD and TBI on body weight (g), systemic metabolic and inflammatory responses. A Beginning at 11 weeks prior to surgical intervention, HFD significantly increases body weight (g) through 28 days post-injury (dpi); TBI has no independent effects on body weight (n = 8–12 per group). B HFD significantly increases % circulating leptin, and although TBI has a significant yet more modest effect, no further increase is observed in TBI-HFD mice. HFD significantly increases resting blood glucose B and circulating insulin B while TBI has no independent effects (n = 4–6 per group). C. HFD, in the presence of TBI significantly increases circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory mediator, MCP-1, at 90 dpi (n = 5–6 per group). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs Sham + SD. +  +  +  + p < 0.0001 vs TBI + SD. Data expressed as mean ± SEM